Trauma Care

This involves the provision of appropriate care at a medical establishment to road crash victims with major and minor injuries. Minor injury: Injuries are treated by the patients themselves, a general practitioner or the accident and emergency department.

Overview

Trauma care teams treat patients that have critical injuries threatening life or limbs. These severely injured patients often require multi-disciplinary, comprehensive emergency medical services.

A trauma center, or trauma centre, is a hospital/Department equipped and staffed to provide care for patients suffering from major traumatic injuries such as falls, motor vehicle collisions, or gunshot wounds. A trauma center may also refer to an emergency department (also known as a “casualty department” or “accident and emergency”) without the presence of specialized services to care for victims of major trauma.

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Continuing Education Activity

Trauma care principles outline fundamental concepts that providers should know when treating various injuries in a trauma setting. The content will focus on the evaluation of problems commonly seen in these cases and their general management. Innately, trauma patients are treated using a team approach. Trauma care principles will highlight the value and basic roles of an interprofessional team, from evaluating the patient in the pre-hospital setting to assessing and managing them once they have arrived at the emergency department.

Function

Trauma care begins before the patient arrives at the hospital. Typically, rescue personnel respond to a call and provide pre-hospital care. In general, pre-hospital care is grounded in basic life support (BLS), advanced cardiac life support (ACLS), and pediatrics advanced life support (PALS). Similarly, basic principles of trauma care are applied in the field under the auspices of pre-hospital trauma life support (PHTLS). The hospital team needs to understand the capabilities and limitations of their local rescue teams to predict better what will present on arrival. As a call comes in from the field, the hospital team should begin to triage the patient based on their age, mechanism of injury, coagulation status, and other factors that can impact the management of the case.[1][2] The team should also prepare all the necessary equipment and don personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gowns, masks, gloves, and X-ray lead vests, if available. The team leader should carry out prompt coordination, and all appropriate services (e.g., blood bank, lab, X-ray, respiratory therapy) should receive a notification. Finally, all care team members should be assigned specific roles before the patient arrives; this allows the team to intervene immediately in parallel and avoid confusion once the patient enters the trauma bay. This approach also gives everyone a general place to situate themselves and their equipment. There are common areas that members of an interprofessional team can assume during the care of the trauma patient. While every hospital operates differently, the map provided is a general guide for trauma team members to follow.

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